How to Treat a Mite Infestation in Box Turtles
A mite infestation is more common in indoor enclosures than outdoors, especially if you also keep other reptiels. A few mites are nothing to worry about, and you probably won't even notice them. Too many, though, can be dangerous for your box turtle.
Signs of Mite Infestation
Mites are tiny and may look like specks of dirt that move. When the infestation is bad, you'll see a lot of them clustered on the turtle's skin, especially around the eyes and nose. You may also notice them floating in the water after bathing your turtle ... or on your hands after handling him—Yuck!
If your box turtle seems lethargic, you should also check for mites. Since mites feed on blood, having a lot of them can make your turtle anemic. Hopefully you would notice the pests before that happens.
Getting Rid of Mites on Your Box Turtle
Start by washing your turtle. Mites drown in water, so a bath is a good first step to reducing the mite population. Scrub him gently, too. A soft toothbrush works well for this. The bath most likely won't get rid of all the mites.
You have a few options for additional treatment:
- Antibiotic ointment: An ophthalmic preparation is especially good for around the eyes.
- Oil: Oils will smother the mites. Olive oil is safe to use on your box turtle. Cover him with it completely.
- Miticide: These are chemicals that kill mites. Be very careful if you choose to use one, because some are toxic to turtles.
- Pyrethroids: These are synthetic versions of pyrethrins, a natural insecticide from chrysanthemums. They are safe to use on turtles. You can apply a small amount at each leg opening. Make sure you don't get it in their eyes. Two examples of Pyrethroids are permethrin and permectrin. Provent-a-Mite is a permethrin-based product for use in reptiles.
- Organophosphates: Although these can be used on adult turtles as long as you use it correctly, they are potentially toxic and should be used with care. They can kill immature turtles and even adult turtles, when used wrong.
- Ivermectin is very toxic for turtles. Do not use it.
As long as your box turtle is otherwise healthy, you should be able to treat a mite infestation at home. If your turtle seems lethargic or sick, bring it to your herp vet before using any miticides on it.